I - Lots
Transactions in the foreign exchange market can be of different sizes: standard, mini, micro or variable contracts.
Standard lots: standard lot is 100,000 units of the base currency. (the amount of money needed to open a sta
ndard operation varies according to the leverage).
ndard operation varies according to the leverage).
Mini lots: Mini batches are operations of size 10,000 units of base currency (10 timesless than standard operations).
Micro lots: Each micro batch has a value of 1,000 units of the base currency (ten times less than the mini lots and one hundred times less than the standard lots).
Variable batch: some brokers allow to open operations with variables lots, this based on the needs of the operator. For example, you can open a size operation: 234,644 or 5,328.
Let's look at some numbers:
An operator buy EUR/USD at 1.4530
Standard lot: the operator is buying 100,000 EUR from 145,300 USD
Mini batch: the operator is buying 10,000 EUR to 14,530 USD
Micro lot: the operator is buying 1,000 EUR to 1,453 USD
Variable batch: the operator is buying 234,644 EUR 340,937 USD.
II - Pips
A PIP is the minimum increment that can have a pair. PIP means "The price interestpoint". For most of the pairs a PIP is the 10, 000ma part of the exchange rate (1/10,000).
The EUR/USD 1.2532 to 1.2553 movement is equivalent to 21 pips.
III - Spreads Bid and Ask
The price of currencies are quoted with a spread, which is the difference of the priceof buying and selling of a currency.
The Bid is the price at which our broker is prepared to buy. Us, operators, sell at thisprice.
The Ask is the price that our broker is prepared to sell. We, the operators, buy at this price.

Now, spreads can be variable or fixed. Most of the time, under normal conditions ofthe market spreads are fixed (for example, 3 constant pips). But when the market conditions become very volatile (e.g. in an important fundamental ad) the spread may be increased (for example, change from 3 pips to 8 pips), so it costs us more open that operation.
Example of a normal operation.
Suppose that the price of the EUR/USD is: 1.2315/18
This means that we can buy a Euro 1.2318 USD or we can sell it to 1.2315 USD.
But we will not buy only "a" euro, we need more, we buy 100,000 Euros (don't panic,see that you also can speculate with these quantities using leverage).
Based on our analysis, we think that the EUR is devalued, then we go long EUR/USD(we buy EUR and sell USD) in a standard lot. Then, we buy 100,000 Euros and pay 123,180 USD for them (remember that we use the quote "ask").
Just as we expect, the EUR/USD gains value (moves up) and we decided to close ouroperation to current listing: 1.2360/60. Now we need to close our operation and sellthe 100,000 Euros that we have for the gain. We sell 100,000 Euros to 1.2360 (now we use the "bid" price) and receive 123,600 USD for them.
If we buy from 1.2318 (123,180) and sold back to 1.2360 (123,600), we obtain a gainof 42 pips, which in dollar terms are: 123,600 - 123,180 = US$ 420 in profit.
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